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stornic56
9828ea439c
- Extracted hardware detection logic from firmware.sh into new modules/hw_detect.sh. Declares shared arrays (PCI_NET_DEVS, USB_WIFI_DEVS, etc) and _detect_all_network_devices() function. The main script now sources hw_detect.sh immediately after utils.sh. firmware.sh retains only _DETECTED_FW_PKGS and _FW_PLAN_PKG_LINES plus installation logic — the detection loop is fully removed, eliminating the circular dependency with bluetooth.sh. - Fixed interrupt safety in main script: removed pkill -f "apt.*install" and pkill -f "dpkg.*configure" from _on_interrupt(); updated exit message to "Temp files cleaned." Only the signal handler (trap _on_interrupt INT TERM) remains. - Added strict URL validation to modules/gaming/heroic.sh and modules/gaming/tools.sh using regex ^https://[A-Za-z0-9./_-]+\.deb$ before passing $deb_url to _run_cmd. Blocks command substitution, non-https URLs, and path traversal attempts that could bypass shell quoting. - Implemented real Bullseye Archive rewrite in modules/bullseye/legacy.sh: adds idempotency check (grep -q archive.debian.org && return 0), creates timestamped backup of /etc/apt/sources.list with sudo cp, writes exact archive Debian sources via sudo tee heredoc, and runs sudo apt-get update || true on failure. - Added local scope to modules/bluetooth.sh variable service_enable_only=false before the conditional assignment, preventing state bleed from the previous global-only declaration. - Applied safe array pattern (while IFS= read -r _pkg; do ...) across 32+ files in modules/extras/* and modules/bullseye/legacy.sh, replacing all vulnerable for pkg in $cleaned / for pkg in $install_list loops. Eliminates word-splitting and command-injection risks.
319 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
319 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
# Debianito — Quick Start Visual Guide
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> **Scope:** Fresh Debian 11 / 12 / 13 installation → fully configured desktop in ~15-20 minutes.
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> **Prerequisites:** Normal user with `sudo` access. Do **not** run the script as root.
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> **Related:** [README Overview](../README.md) · [System Info](system_info.md) · [Repositories](repos_config.md) · [Firmware](firmware.md) · [GPU](gpu.md) · [Kernel](kernel.md) · [Gaming](gaming.md)
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---
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## Before You Start
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/stornic56/debianito-post-install
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cd debianito-post-install
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chmod +x debianito.sh && ./debianito.sh
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```
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The script automatically checks for `whiptail` and `lsb-release`, installs them if missing, verifies `sudo` access, checks network connectivity, and synchronizes the system clock (`systemd-timesyncd` + `tzdata`).
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> 
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---
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## Recommended Order
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Each step builds on the previous one. Steps 1-5 + 10 are the essential path; 6-9 are optional.
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### Step 1 — Know Your System
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**Menu:** `1 System Information`
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Opens a whiptail message box populated by `utils.sh` detection functions (`detect_cpu_ram`, `detect_gpu`, `detect_network`, `detect_storage`, `detect_displayserver`, `detect_desktop_environment`).
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You will see:
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- Debian version and codename
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- CPU model and RAM size
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- GPU vendor(s) and device IDs (e.g., `10de:2684` for NVIDIA)
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- Network adapters (Ethernet + WiFi chipset) and their state/IP
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- Storage topology (NVMe / SSD / HDD / USB-SD)
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- Display server (Wayland / X11 / tty) and desktop environment
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Remember the **GPU line** (Intel / AMD / NVIDIA) and any **WiFi chipset** — you will need them in Steps 4-5.
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>  System Information dialog with hardware summary.
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### Step 2 — Fix Permissions Early (Optional but Recommended)
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**Menu:** `2 User Privileges & Feedback`
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A sub-menu with four toggles:
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| Option | What It Does | When to Enable |
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| -------- | -------------- | ---------------- |
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| Sudo group membership | `usermod -aG sudo $USER` | Fresh install where the first user is not in `sudo` |
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| Passwordless sudo | Creates `/etc/sudoers.d/$USER-nopasswd` with `NOPASSWD` for `apt`, `systemctl`, etc. | Lab / personal machine; skip on shared systems |
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| Repair home ownership | `chown -R $USER:$USER $HOME` | Home files owned by root after a mishandled `sudo` |
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| Sudo password feedback | Writes `Defaults pwfeedback` to `/etc/sudoers.d/pwfeedback` — shows `****` while typing | **Enable now** to avoid typos during the many installs that follow |
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>  User Privileges & Feedback menu.
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>  Confirmation dialog for "Sudo Password Feedback" with asterisk preview.
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### Step 3 — System Preferences (Optional)
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**Menu:** `3 System Preferences`
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```
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1 Date, Time & Timezone
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2 Language, Locales & Keyboard
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3 Audio & Sound Stack
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4 Back to main menu
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```
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- **Date, Time & Timezone** — Runs `dpkg-reconfigure tzdata` and then `_ensure_time_synced` (NTP + `systemd-timesyncd`). Fix timezone before `apt update` — a wrong clock breaks GPG verification.
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- **Language, Locales & Keyboard** — Runs `dpkg-reconfigure locales` and `keyboard-configuration`. Requires re-login to apply `LANG`.
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- **Audio & Sound Stack** — Checklist with `pipewire-audio` (or `pipewire` on Bullseye), `alsa-utils`, `pavucontrol` (hidden on TTY), `pulsemixer`, `playerctl`. PipeWire on Trixie offers a Backports vs Stable choice and installs Bluetooth Hi-Res codecs (`LDAC`, `aptX`, `AAC`). See [System Preferences](system_prefs.md).
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>  System Preferences menu.
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### Step 4 — Configure Repositories (Required)
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**Menu:** `4 Configure Repositories`
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```
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1 Enable Contrib & Non-Free Components
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2 Migrate traditional sources.list to DEB822 format
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3 Setup/Update Backports repositories
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4 [ADVANCED] Upgrade system branch (Testing / SID)
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5 Back to main menu
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```
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1. Choose **1. Enable Contrib & Non-Free** — adds `contrib`, `non-free`, `non-free-firmware` (Bookworm/Trixie). Required for firmware, NVIDIA drivers, and Steam (`contrib`). The script handles both `/etc/apt/sources.list` (classic) and `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources` (DEB822) and validates via `apt update` with automatic rollback.
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2. Choose **3. Setup/Update Backports** — answers `Yes` to enable `trixie-backports` / `bookworm-backports` in a separate file (`debian-backports.sources` or `.list`). Backports gives newer kernels, Mesa, and firmware. See [Configure Repositories](repos_config.md).
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⚠️ Without `non-free` and `contrib`, Steps 5 and 8 will fail. Do not skip.
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>  Repositories menu.
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>  Backports confirmation dialog.
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### Step 5 — Install Firmware & Wireless Drivers
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**Menu:** `5 Firmware, Wireless & Bluetooth`
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The script:
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- Scans **all** network hardware (PCI `lspci -nn` + USB `lsusb`, filtered for Realtek/Intel/Mediatek/Atheros/Qualcomm) and Bluetooth controllers
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- Maps vendors to packages: `firmware-iwlwifi`, `firmware-realtek`, `firmware-mediatek`, `firmware-atheros`, `firmware-intel-misc` — plus `firmware-linux-nonfree` as the base meta-package
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- Builds a plan showing detected controllers and planned packages, including Bluetooth handling (KDE → `bluedevil`, XFCE → `blueman`, GNOME → built-in, plus `pipewire-pulse`/`wireplumber` if PipeWire is active)
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- Asks for confirmation before installing; offers Stable vs Backports for the base firmware
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Accept the plan it shows — it is based on your actual hardware. Broadcom wireless (if present) is handled via `broadcom-sta-dkms` with DKMS build checks and `update-initramfs` + `modprobe wl`.
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⚠️ You need internet for this step. If WiFi does not work after firmware install, **reboot** first — the driver needs a fresh load.
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>  Firmware plan dialog with hardware + package list.
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### Step 6 — Install Graphics Drivers
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**Menu:** `6 Graphics Drivers & Mesa Stack`
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Whiptail radiolist with two options:
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```
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1 Radeon/Intel Mesa
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2 NVIDIA Drivers
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```
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#### Path A — Radeon/Intel Mesa
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Shows a plan with detected GPUs (`Intel firmware + intel-media-va-driver-non-free` or `i965-va-driver-shaders` for Gen7-, `firmware-amd-graphics` for AMD, plus `Mesa Vulkan/OpenGL/VA-API`). Offers legacy AMD GCN 1.0/1.1 migration to `amdgpu` via GRUB params (`radeon.si_support=0 ... amdgpu.si_support=1`). Installs Mesa from Backports or Stable (`_install_mesa_backports`), verifies `mesa-vulkan-drivers`, and offers vendor-specific telemetry (`radeontop`, `intel-gpu-tools`, `vainfo`).
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#### Path B — NVIDIA Drivers
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Shows detected NVIDIA GPUs and a two-stage menu:
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1. **Manage menu** (if a driver is already installed): *Install / Change Driver Version* vs *Remove Driver and Restore Nouveau*.
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2. **Version menu** (depends on Debian version):
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- Bookworm: `v535` (Recommended) or `v470` (Kepler legacy via `nvidia-tesla-470-driver`)
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- Trixie: `v550` (Debian stable, Recommended), `v590` or `v595` (NVIDIA CUDA Repo with `cuda-keyring` + `nvidia-open` + `firmware-nvidia-gsp`)
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The script auto-detects the GPU architecture (`kepler` / `fermi` / `maxwell` / `pascal` / `turing` / `ampere` / `ada` / `blackwell`) and enforces compatibility — e.g., Blackwell requires `v590+` on Trixie, Maxwell/Pascal on Trixie + backports kernel is forced to `v550` stable, Fermi is vetoed on Bookworm/Trixie with an explanatory message.
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>  GPU type selector (Radeon/Intel vs NVIDIA).
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After installation, **reboot** before testing. NVIDIA drivers need a fresh kernel load.
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### Step 7 — Kernel Configuration (Optional)
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**Menu:** `7 Kernel`
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```
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stable Install linux-image-amd64 (Stable)
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backports Install from backports (Trixie only)
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rt Install linux-image-rt-amd64 (Preempt-RT)
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cloud Install linux-image-cloud-amd64
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back Return to main menu
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```
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- **Stable** — default Debian kernel (6.12 LTS on Trixie).
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- **Backports** — only on Trixie; requires `trixie-backports` enabled in Step 4. Newer kernel (e.g., 7.x) for Intel Arrow Lake / AMD Zen 5, Battlemage D3cold, etc.
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- **RT** — Preempt-RT low-latency kernel. Warns if `GPU_TYPE == nvidia` (proprietary drivers may not support RT).
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- **Cloud** — minimal kernel for VMs/containers (`linux-image-cloud-amd64`).
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Each variant installs the matching `linux-headers-*` package atomically (`sudo apt install -y [-t trixie-backports] linux-image-* linux-headers-*`). The script warns about DKMS recompilation if NVIDIA is present.
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>  — Kernel menu with four variants.
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> See [kernel](kernel.md) for backports rationale and bootloader details.
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### Step 8 — Gaming Setup (Optional)
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**Menu:** `8 Gaming Setup`
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A single checklist with all options:
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```
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[*] i386 Enable 32-bit (i386) architecture
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[*] steam Steam (requires 32-bit support)
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[*] mangohud Performance overlay (Vulkan/OpenGL)
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[ ] gamemode Game performance optimization
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[*] goverlay MangoHud config GUI
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[ ] heroic Heroic Launcher (Epic/GOG)
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[ ] java Minecraft Java Runtime
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[ ] openrgb OpenRGB (RGB lighting control)
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[ ] lutris Lutris + Wine (requires 32-bit support)
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[ ] retroarch RetroArch Emulator Frontend
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```
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- If `steam`, `lutris`, or `i386` is checked, the script runs `dpkg --add-architecture i386` + `apt update`, then installs 32-bit graphics libraries (`_install_nvidia_32bit` or `_install_mesa_32bit`).
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- `steam` checks `contrib` (`ensure_contrib_repo`) and installs `steam-installer`.
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- `heroic` fetches the latest `.deb` from GitHub releases (`api.github.com`).
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- `openrgb` is Bookworm/Trixie only; handles `i2c-dev`, udev, `i2c` group, and `setcap`.
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- `java` offers Temurin 8 / 17 / 21 / 25 via `extrepo adoptium`.
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- Requires GUI for some installers (skipped on headless).
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>  Gaming checklist with i386 + Steam + MangoHud checked.
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> See [gaming](gaming.md) and [retroarch](retroarch.md).
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### Step 9 — ZRAM Compressed Swap (Optional)
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**Menu:** `9 ZRAM`
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```
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1 View ZRAM status
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2 Create / Reconfigure ZRAM
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3 Remove ZRAM
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4 Back to main menu
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```
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- **View** — Shows `/etc/default/zramswap` (`ALGO`, `SIZE`, `PRIORITY`) and `zramctl` output.
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- **Create / Reconfigure** — Choice of `lz4` (fastest, gaming) vs `zstd` (better ratio). Recommended size is 50% of RAM (≤8 GB) or 4096 MB fixed (>8 GB), configurable. Writes to `/etc/default/zramswap` (`ALGO`, `SIZE`, `PRIORITY=100`) and `systemctl restart zramswap || true`. Priority 100 ensures ZRAM is used before any disk swap (priority 10).
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- **Remove** — `systemctl stop zramswap`, `swapoff /dev/zram0`, `modprobe -r zram`, `apt purge zram-tools`, removes `/etc/default/zramswap`.
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>  Algorithm choice (lz4 vs zstd).
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>  `zramctl` status output in whiptail.
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> See [zram](zram.md).
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### Step 10 — Swap Management (Optional)
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**Menu:** `10 Swap Management`
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```
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1 Show current swap & swappiness
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2 Create / resize swapfile
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3 Remove swapfile
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4 Change swappiness
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5 Back to main menu
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```
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- Uses `/swapfile` with `pri=10` (below ZRAM's 100) and tag `# debianito-managed-swap` in `/etc/fstab`.
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- Btrfs: warns about `nodatacow` (`chattr +C`) and hibernation limitations; uses `dd` instead of `fallocate`.
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- Fstab is written via a temp file and validated with `findmnt --verify` before replacing `/etc/fstab`.
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- Concurrency is guarded by `flock /run/lock/debianito-swap.lock`.
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>  Swap Management menu.
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>  Swap status.
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> See [swap](swap.md).
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### Step 11 — Install Programs and Software
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**Menu:** `11 Install Programs and Software` → `0 Essential Pack`
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One-click install of `htop`, `inxi`, `neofetch`/`fastfetch`, `vlc`, `ufw`, `zip`, `unrar`, `p7zip`, plus `lsb-release` fixes.
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After this, browse the other categories as needed:
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| Category | Example Packages |
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| ---------- | ------------------ |
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| Customization System | Desktop themes, icons, cursors, fonts |
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| Download & Network | aria2, ytdlp, qBittorrent, Deluge |
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| Internet | Firefox, LibreWolf, Chromium, Tor, Thunderbird, RiseUp/Mullvad VPN |
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| Communication | Signal, Telegram, HexChat |
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| Media Players | VLC, MPV |
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| Multimedia & Design | GIMP, Kdenlive, Blender, Audacity, Inkscape |
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| Code Editors & IDEs | Neovim, Helix, Emacs, VSCodium, Geany |
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| Servers & Dev Tools | Nginx, PostgreSQL, Docker, Temurin JDK, Jellyfin |
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| Security & Networking | Wireshark, ClamAV, UFW, fail2ban |
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| Software Center & Flatpak | GNOME Software, KDE Discover, Flatpak |
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| Office & Productivity | LibreOffice, document tools |
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| System Tools | htop/btop, Timeshift, extension-manager, virt-manager |
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| Fetch / System Info | fastfetch, neofetch, hyfetch, screenfetch |
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>  Category menu with 0-14 options.
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>  Essential Pack confirmation.
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### Step 12 — Boot Rescue
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**Menu:** `12 Boot Rescue + GRUB`
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- **GRUB boot menu settings** — 4 presets (hidden 0s / 3s / 5s / custom) writing `GRUB_TIMEOUT`, `GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE`, `GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT`, `GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER` to `/etc/default/grub.d/99_script_override.cfg` with `update-grub` + backup/rollback.
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- **UEFI Secure Boot repair** — reinstalls `shim-signed`, `grub-efi-amd64-signed`, `linux-image-amd64`, runs `grub-install` + `update-grub` (UEFI only, checked via `/sys/firmware/efi` + `mokutil`).
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- **Initramfs regeneration** — `update-initramfs -u -k all || true`.
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> See [boot](boot.md).
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### Step 13 — Desktop & Display
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**Menu:** `13 Desktop & Display`
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```
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1 Desktop Environment
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2 Display Manager
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3 Back to main menu
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```
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- **Desktop Environment** — XFCE (full / minimal / Wayland `labwc` on Trixie / custom checklist) or LXDE (full / core). Installs polkit rules (`85-suspend.rules`, `89-backlight.rules`) + `backlight` group.
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- **Display Manager** — LightDM (GTK greeter, user list, autologin), GDM3 (user list, autologin, NVIDIA Wayland override via `61-gdm.rules → /dev/null`), SDDM (autologin with session auto-detection `plasmawayland → lxqt-wayland → plasma → lxqt`), greetd (base / tuigreet / gtkgreet / nwg-hello / wlgreet — manual `/etc/greetd/config.toml` required).
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> See [Desktop & Display](desktops_display.md).
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---
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## After the Script
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1. **Reboot** if you installed firmware, GPU drivers, or a new kernel.
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2. Verify:
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```bash
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sudo zramctl # ZRAM active?
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sudo swapon --show # Swap with correct priorities?
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vainfo # VA-API acceleration?
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nvidia-smi # NVIDIA driver loaded?
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systemctl status bluetooth # Bluetooth active?
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```
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3. For gaming, enable `i386` was handled — verify with `dpkg --print-foreign-architectures | grep i386`.
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---
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## Troubleshooting Quick Answers
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| Symptom | Fix |
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| --------- | ----- |
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| **WiFi not working after firmware** | Reboot. Check `lspci -nn \| grep Network` and verify the package (`firmware-iwlwifi` etc.) is `ii` via `dpkg -l`. Ensure `non-free` + `non-free-firmware` were enabled in Step 4. |
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| **Black screen after NVIDIA + Wayland (GNOME/GDM3)** | At login, select *GNOME on Xorg* (gear icon) or disable Wayland: `sudo nano /etc/gdm3/daemon.conf` → `WaylandEnable=false`. The script only warns about Debian bug #1109409, it does not force X11. |
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| **GRUB menu hidden and cannot enter** | Hold `ESC` immediately after power-on. Or boot a live USB, `chroot`, and run `12 Boot Rescue → GRUB boot menu settings → Show 5 seconds`. |
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| **Steam fails to start** | Verify `i386` is enabled: `dpkg --print-foreign-architectures`. Check `contrib` is in `/etc/apt/sources.list`. Re-run `8 Gaming Setup` and ensure the checklist had `i386` + `steam` checked. |
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| **greetd installed but cannot log in** | This is expected — you must create `/etc/greetd/config.toml` manually. See `man greetd` and `man 5 greetd-sessions`. |
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| **Bluetooth tray icon missing** | Reboot or `systemctl restart bluetooth`. Ensure `bluez`, `bluedevil` (KDE) or `blueman` (XFCE) is installed. For PipeWire, check `systemctl --user status pipewire pipewire-pulse wireplumber`. |
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| **PipeWire crackling / no Bluetooth Hi-Res codec** | Re-run `3 System Preferences → Audio & Sound → PipeWire Audio Stack`. Verify `libldacbt-*`, `libopenaptx0`, `libfdk-aac2t64` are installed (`dpkg -l \| grep -E 'ldac\|aptx\|fdk'`). |
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